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Saint Pierre and Miquelon (/ ˈ m ɪ k ə l ɒ n / MIK-ə-lon), [4] officially the Overseas Collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (French: Collectivité d'outre-mer de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ e miklɔ̃] ⓘ), is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, located near the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
Banknote of the Banque des Îles Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, 1897. The Banque des Îles Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon was a bank of issue on the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, France. It was established in 1889, lost its monetary role in the late 1910s, and in 2015 became a fully-owned subsidiary of Caisse d'Épargne Provence Alpes Corse (CEPAC).
The commune of Saint-Pierre is made up of the island of Saint-Pierre proper and several nearby smaller islands, such as L'Île-aux-Marins.Although containing nearly 90% of the inhabitants of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the commune of Saint-Pierre is considerably smaller in terms of area than the commune of Miquelon-Langlade, which lies to its northwest on Miquelon Island.
Miquelon-Langlade (French pronunciation: [miklɔ̃ lɑ̃ɡlad]) is the larger but less populated of the two communes (municipalities) making up the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, located 22 km (14 mi) to the south of Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. [4]
Île-aux-Marins was settled in 1604 and once had a population approaching 700. [1]It was a commune until 1945, when it was annexed by the commune of Saint-Pierre.. Since the 1960s, the town has become a ghost town after the last of the population left for Saint Pierre Island; however, a small number of people live there on a seasonal basis between May and November.
The liberation of St Pierre & Miquelon December 24th 1941 by the Free French Naval Forces ; CIA World Factbook entry for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon; History of French submarine telegraph cables; Miquelon and St. Pierre history site produced by Newfoundland's Memorial University; Tourism. Tourist Office Official web site st-pierre-et-miquelon.info
After the constitutional reform of 2003, it became a collectivité d'outre-mer, while keeping its particular name of collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Canada tried to reduce the codfishing around Newfoundland in the 1970s and 1980s, out of fear of seriously damaging the fish population.
Saint Pierre Island, also spelt as Saint-Pierre Island, [3] is one of the three main islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. It contains the town of Saint-Pierre , which lies on the island's east coast and is the main population centre of the island group.