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Clostridioides difficile infection [5] (CDI or C-diff), also known as Clostridium difficile infection, is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium Clostridioides difficile. [6] Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. [1] It makes up about 20% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. [1]
Clostridioides difficile (syn. Clostridium difficile) is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is known also as C. difficile , or C. diff ( / s iː d ɪ f / ), and is a Gram-positive species of spore -forming bacteria. [ 6 ]
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. [1] It may be caused by various infections , with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.
The condition is usually caused by Gram-positive enteric commensal bacteria of the gut (). Clostridioides difficile is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly causes severe diarrhea and other intestinal diseases when competing bacteria are wiped out by antibiotics, causing pseudomembranous colitis, whereas Clostridium septicum is responsible for most cases of neutropenic enterocolitis.
Clostridioides difficile, also known more commonly as C. diff, accounts for 10 to 20% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, because the antibiotics administered for the treatment of certain disease processes such as inflammatory colitis also inadvertently kill a large portion of the gut flora, the normal flora that is usually present within the bowel.
FMT is an effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). [3] [4] [5] For recurrent CDI, FMT is more effective than vancomycin alone, and may improve the outcome after the first index infection. [3] [5] [6] Side effects may include a risk of infections, therefore the donor should be screened for pathogens. [7]
Many of the same agents cause gastroenteritis in cats and dogs as in humans. The most common organisms are Campylobacter, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella. [86] A large number of toxic plants may also cause symptoms. [87] Some agents are more specific to a certain species.
Pseudomembranous colitis may occur due to Clostridioides difficile infection following administration of antibiotics. Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes intestinal inflammation. A few cases have been misdiagnosed as UC with poor outcomes occurring due to the use of corticosteroids. [82]
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