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Consequently, hydrogen bonds between or within solute molecules dissolved in water are almost always unfavorable relative to hydrogen bonds between water and the donors and acceptors for hydrogen bonds on those solutes. [44] Hydrogen bonds between water molecules have an average lifetime of 10 −11 seconds, or 10 picoseconds. [45]
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
Alpha helices are regular spirals stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the backbone CO group of one amino acid residue and the backbone NH group of the i+4 residue. The spiral has about 3.6 amino acids per turn, and the amino acid side chains stick out from the cylinder of the helix.
A helicase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the DNA replication and repair processes. Its primary function is to unwind the double-stranded DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs, allowing the DNA strands to separate.
The simplest of molecules is the hydrogen molecule-ion, H 2 +, and the simplest of all the chemical bonds is the one-electron bond. H 2 + is composed of two positively charged protons and one negatively charged electron , which means that the Schrödinger equation for the system can be solved more easily due to the lack of electron–electron ...
A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. A saturated fat has no carbon-to-carbon double bonds, so the maximum possible number of hydrogen is bonded to carbon, and thus, is considered to be "saturated" with hydrogen atoms.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the human body by numbers of atoms but the third most abundant by mass. H 2 occurs in human breath due to the metabolic activity of hydrogenase-containing microorganisms in the large intestine and is a natural component of flatus.
Although hydrogen bonding is a relatively weak attraction compared to the covalent bonds within the water molecule itself, it is responsible for several of the water's physical properties. These properties include its relatively high melting and boiling point temperatures: more energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.