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In the past it had always been said that the same miRNA precursor generates the same miRNA sequences. However, the advent of deep sequencing has now allowed researchers to detect a huge variability in miRNA biogenesis, meaning that from the same miRNA precursor many different sequences can be generated potentially have different targets, [ 3 ...
[1] [2] These short hairpin introns formed via atypical miRNA biogenesis pathways. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Mirtrons arise from the spliced-out introns and are known to function in gene expression. Mirtrons were first identified in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans .
Mir-92 has been mapped to the human genome as part of a larger cluster at chromosome 13q31.3, [1] where it is 22 nucleotides in length but exists in the genome as part of a longer precursor sequence. There is an exact replica of the mir-92 precursor on the X chromosome. [2]
Each member of miR-125 family has two different variants of mature miRNAs - 5p and 3p. Both variants originate from the same pre-miRNA. MiR-125-5p variant generally shows higher expression compared to miR-125-3p. [6] In humans, miR-125 family is composed of three homologs: hsa-miR-125a, hsa-miR-125b-1 and hsa-miR-125b-2. [7]
For example, the pre-miRNAs hsa-mir-194-1 and hsa-mir-194-2 lead to an identical mature miRNA (hsa-miR-194) but are from genes located in different genome regions. Species of origin is designated with a three-letter prefix, e.g., hsa-miR-124 is a human ( Homo sapiens ) miRNA and oar-miR-124 is a sheep ( Ovis aries ) miRNA.
The mature miRNA of miR-26a-1 and miR-26a-2 possesses the same sequence, with the exception of 2 different nucleotides in mature miR-26b. [ 2 ] miR-26 appears to be a vertebrate specific microRNA [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and has now been predicted or experimentally validated in many vertebrate species ( MIPF0000043 ).
The Let-7 microRNA precursor gives rise to let-7, a microRNA (miRNA) involved in control of stem-cell division and differentiation. [1] let-7, short for "lethal-7", was discovered along with the miRNA lin-4 in a study of developmental timing in C. elegans, [2] making these miRNAs the first ever discovered.
The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. [1] This sequence then associates with RISC which effects RNA interference. [2] miR-150 functions in hematopoiesis; it regulates genes whose downstream products encourage differentiating stem cells towards becoming megakaryocytes rather than ...