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The use of astronomical symbols for the Sun and Moon dates to antiquity. The forms of the symbols that appear in the original papyrus texts of Greek horoscopes are a circle with one ray for the Sun and a crescent for the Moon. [3] The modern Sun symbol, a circle with a dot (☉), first appeared in Europe in the Renaissance. [3]
Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of the modern planets. The classical symbols were also used in alchemy for the seven metals known to the ancients, which were associated with the planets, and in calendars for the seven days of the week associated with the seven planets.
Symbols for the classical planets, zodiac signs, aspects, lots, and the lunar nodes appear in the medieval Byzantine codices in which many ancient horoscopes were preserved. [1] In the original papyri of these Greek horoscopes, there was a circle with the glyph representing shine for the Sun; and a crescent for the Moon. [2]
The crescent symbol is primarily used to represent the Moon, not necessarily in a particular lunar phase. When used to represent a waxing or waning lunar phase, "crescent" or "increscent" refers to the waxing first quarter, while the symbol representing the waning final quarter is called "decrescent".
A lunisolar calendar was found at Warren Field in Scotland and has been dated to c. 8000 BC, during the Mesolithic period. [2] [3] Some scholars argue for lunar calendars still earlier—Rappenglück in the marks on a c. 17,000 year-old cave painting at Lascaux and Marshack in the marks on a c. 27,000 year-old bone baton—but their findings remain controversial.
The combination of the two symbols has been taken as representing Sun and Moon (and by extension Day and Night), the Zoroastrian Mah and Mithra, [19] or deities arising from Greek-Anatolian-Iranian syncretism, the crescent representing Mēn Pharnakou (Μήν Φαρνακου, the local moon god [20]) and the "star" (Sun) representing Ahuramazda ...
The dates of the 12 full moons of 2024 and the meaning of their names, according to The Old Farmer's Almanac.
Symbol: Deer's head; Deity: Soma, Chandra, the Moon god; Indian zodiac: 23° 20' Vrishabha - 6° 40' Mithuna; Western zodiac: 17°06' Gemini - 0°26' Cancer; 6 Ardra - आर्द्रा "the storm god" Betelgeuse: Lord: Rahu (North lunar node) Symbol: Teardrop, diamond, a human head; Deity : Rudra, the storm god; Indian zodiac: 6° 40' - 20 ...