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With medium to large power plant and desalination plants, the power plant's cooling water flow is likely to be several times larger than that of the desalination plant, reducing the salinity of the combination. Another method to dilute the brine is to mix it via a diffuser in a mixing zone.
Single phase desalination is predominantly accomplished with photovoltaics that produce electricity to drive RO pumps. Over 15,000 desalination plants operate around the world. Nearly 70% use RO, yielding 44% of desalination. [38] Alternative methods that use solar thermal collection to provide mechanical energy to drive RO are in development.
Waste heat from the power plant is used to heat the seawater, providing cooling for the power plant at the same time. This reduces the energy needed by half to two-thirds, which drastically alters the economics of the plant, since energy is by far the largest operating cost of MSF plants. Reverse osmosis, MSF distillation's main competitor ...
El Paso Water is planning to boost average water bills by $3.54 per month. An expansion of the Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant is planned.
The first desalination plant in Mexico was built in 1960 and had a capacity of 27,648 m 3 /day. [7] As of 2006, there were 435 desalination plants in Mexico with a total capacity of 311,700 m 3 /day. [74] One of the world's largest desalination plants (380,160 m 3 /day) is planned for Rosarito. [75]
In China a desalination plant was planned for Tianjin in 2010, to produce 100,000 m³ of desalinated seawater a day. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] In Spain in 2004, 20 reverse osmosis plants were planned to be built along the Costas, expecting to meet slightly over 1% of Spain's total water needs.
Indirect solar desalination systems comprise two sub-systems: a solar collection system and a desalination system. The solar collection system is used, either to collect heat using solar collectors and supply it via a heat exchanger to a thermal desalination process, or to convert electromagnetic solar radiation to electricity using photovoltaic cells to power an electricity-driven ...
According to the International Desalination Association, for 2011, RO was used in 66% of installed desalination capacity (0.0445 of 0.0674 km 3 /day), and nearly all new plants. [23] Other plants use thermal distillation methods: multiple-effect distillation , and multi-stage flash .