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In the mid-1990s, with the rise of spamming, spammers resorted to re-routing their e-mail through third party e-mail servers to avoid detection [6] and to exploit the additional resources of these open relay servers. Spammers would send one e-mail to the open relay and (effectively) include a large blind carbon copy list, then the open relay ...
The initiating host, the SMTP client, can be either an end-user's email client, functionally identified as a mail user agent (MUA), or a relay server's mail transfer agent (MTA), that is an SMTP server acting as an SMTP client, in the relevant session, in order to relay mail. Fully capable SMTP servers maintain queues of messages for retrying ...
A relay or filtering server will typically store email only briefly, but other systems keep full mailboxes for email - in which case they usually support some means for end users to access their email via a Mail User Agent (MUA), or email client. Common protocols for this are: Post Office Protocol (POP3) Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
SMTP as specified by Jon Postel in the 1970s did not provide for using passwords for sending email messages; each server was by design an open mail relay.As a result, spam and worms, while not initially a problem, had become a plague by the late '90s. [2]
Typically, spammers test a mail server for open relaying by simply sending themselves an email message. If the spammer receives the email message, the mail server obviously allows open relaying. Honeypot operators, however, can use the relay test to thwart spammers.
SMTP proxies are specialized mail servers that, similar to other types of proxy servers, pass simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) sessions through to other SMTP servers without using the store-and-forward approach of a mail transfer agent (MTA). When an SMTP proxy accepts a connection, it initiates another SMTP session to a destination SMTP ...
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On-Demand Mail Relay (ODMR) is an SMTP extension standardized in RFC 2645 that allows e-mail to be relayed to the recipients after they have been authenticated. It uses the extended SMTP command ATRN , similar to the ETRN command but available for dynamically assigned IP addresses.