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The design of a new supply chain service was planned to help the NHS deliver clinically assured, quality products at the best value through a range of specialist buying functions, and leverage the buying power of the NHS to negotiate the best deals from suppliers, with the aim to deliver savings of £2.4 billion over five years. [citation needed]
The final price of medicines is impacted by several price components at various stages of the supply chain, [5]: 221–222 with later stages likely increasing the medicine's price. [11]: 189 The WHO/HAI provide the following 5 stages taxonomy of the medicines prices in the supply chain: [5]: 221–222 [11]: 190
A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer.The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.
Value-based health care (VBHC) is a framework for restructuring health care systems with the overarching goal of value for patients, with value defined as health outcomes per unit of costs. [1] The concept was introduced in 2006 by Michael Porter and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg , though implementation efforts on aspects of value-based care began ...
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
Z=35), taking the modulo 36 of this sum, and compare it to the value of the 7th digit. For example, given a Health Industry Number of '740WL3V00', the base number is '740WL3V', which computes as 7 + 4 + 0 + 32 + 21 + 3 = 67. 67 modulo 36 = 31. The value of the 7th (check) digit is V, and given V=31, the Health Industry Number is valid.
In a system of free-market healthcare, prices for healthcare products and services are set freely by agreement between patients and health care providers, which are subject to the laws and forces of supply and demand and free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other outside authority.
In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. Supply chains link value chains. [6] Suppliers in a supply chain are often ranked by "tier", with first-tier suppliers supplying directly to the client, second-tier suppliers supplying to the first tier, and so on. [7]