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Bioactive glasses have been synthesized through methods such as conventional melting, quenching, the sol–gel process, flame synthesis, and microwave irradiation.The synthesis of bioglass has been reviewed by various groups, with sol-gel synthesis being one of the most frequently used methods for producing bioglass composites, particularly for tissue engineering applications.
These biological treatment systems effectively reduce water-borne diseases, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity and color in surface water, thus improving overall water quality. Typically in drinking water treatment; granular activated carbon or sand filters are used to prevent re-growth of microorganisms in water distribution pipes by reducing ...
The high water level (hydraulic head) in the inlet reservoir zone pushes the water through the diffuser and filter, then decreases as water flows evenly through the sand. The flow rate slows because there is less pressure to force the water through the filter. The inlet water contains dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and contaminants.
A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. [4] A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. [5] It is also used to assess the environmental impact and safety of new technologies and facilities. [citation needed]
Bioactive metallic glass is a subset of bioactive glass, wherein the bulk material is composed of a metal-glass substrate and is coated with bioactive glass in order to make the material bioactive. The reasoning behind the introduction of the metallic base is to create a less brittle, stronger material that will be permanently implanted within ...
In water-borne coatings, an aqueous polymer dispersion creates a film on the substrate once the solvent has evaporated. Surface functionalization of the polymer particles is a key component of a coating formulation allowing control over such properties as dispersion, film formation temperature, and the coating rheology.
A bio-based material is a material intentionally made, either wholly or partially, from substances derived from living (or once-living) organisms, [1] such as plants, animals, enzymes, and microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and yeast.
Solid state fermentation uses culture substrates with low water levels (reduced water activity), which is particularly appropriate for mould. The methods used to grow filamentous fungi using solid state fermentation allow the best reproduction of their natural environment. The medium is saturated with water but little of it is free-flowing.