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Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). [1] They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs ) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint.
Osteoarthritis commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and the large weight-bearing joints, such as the hips and knees, although in theory, any joint in the body can be affected. As osteoarthritis progresses, movement patterns (such as gait), are typically affected. [1] Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of a joint effusion of the knee. [15]
They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by the formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage. Much less commonly, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium. A Bouchard's node on the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger of a 64 year old man.
This impingement can cause pain in both upper and lower limbs and a numbness or tingling sensations in the hands and feet because the nerves are supplying sensation to their dermatomes. [6] Osteophytes on the fingers or toes are known as Heberden's nodes (if on the distal interphalangeal joint) or Bouchard's nodes (if on the proximal ...
Jaccoud arthropathy (JA), is a chronic non-erosive reversible joint disorder that may occur after repeated bouts of arthritis. [1] [2] It is caused by inflammation of the joint capsule and subsequent fibrotic retraction, causing ulnar deviation of the fingers, through metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) subluxation, [1] [3] primarily of the ring and little-finger. [3]
Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, or DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextension).
Osteoarthritis of the wrist can be idiopathic, but it is mostly seen as a post-traumatic condition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There are different types of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Scapholunate advanced collapse ( SLAC ) is the most common form, followed by scaphoid non-union advanced collapse ( SNAC ). [ 3 ]
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a medical condition combining clubbing and periostitis of the small hand joints, especially the distal interphalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints. Distal expansion of the long bones as well as painful, swollen joints [ 3 ] and synovial villous proliferation are often seen.