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Field Person/s considered "father" or "mother" Rationale Science (modern): Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) [1] Isaac Newton (1643–1727) [2] [3]: For systemic use of experimentation in science and contributions to scientific method, physics and observational astronomy.
Robert Boyle FRS [2] (/ b ɔɪ l /; 25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish [3] natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.
Francesco Bellini (born 1947), research scientist, doctor in organic chemistry Andrey Belozersky (1905–1972), Soviet biologist and biochemist, doctor in biological sciences Ruth R. Benerito (1916–2013), American chemist known for inventions relating to textiles
[177] [178] His description reads: "A remarkably versatile scientist, structural chemist Linus Pauling (1901–1994) won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the nature of the chemical bond linking atoms into molecules. His work in establishing the field of molecular biology; his studies of hemoglobin led to the classification of ...
In 1867, he became the chair of organic chemistry at the Sorbonne, [46] but he later gave up the position because of poor health. [47] In 1867, the École Normale's laboratory of physiological chemistry was created at Pasteur's request, [46] and he was the laboratory's director from 1867 to 1888. [48]
Rutherford is considered to be among the greatest scientists in history. At the opening session of the 1938 Indian Science Congress, which Rutherford had been expected to preside over before his death, astrophysicist James Jeans spoke in his place and deemed him "one of the greatest scientists of all time", saying:
Marie Curie's birthplace, 16 Freta Street, Warsaw, Poland. Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie [a] (Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska kʲiˈri] ⓘ; née Skłodowska; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), known simply as Marie Curie (/ ˈ k j ʊər i / KURE-ee; [1] French: [maʁi kyʁi]), was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on ...
Scientists of different eras (and before them, natural philosophers, mathematicians, natural historians, natural theologians, engineers, and others who contributed to the development of science) have had widely different places in society, and the social norms, ethical values, and epistemic virtues associated with scientists—and expected of ...