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This list includes SQL reserved words – aka SQL reserved keywords, [1] [2] as the SQL:2023 specifies and some RDBMSs have added. ... NCHAR SQL-2023 ...
Varchar fields can be of any size up to a limit, which varies by databases: an Oracle 11g database has a limit of 4000 bytes, [1] a MySQL 5.7 database has a limit of 65,535 bytes (for the entire row) [2] and Microsoft SQL Server 2008 has a limit of 8000 bytes (unless varchar(max) is used, which has a maximum storage capacity of 2 gigabytes).
MySQL (/ ˌ m aɪ ˌ ɛ s ˌ k juː ˈ ɛ l /) [5] is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). [5] [6] Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, [7] and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language.
SQL Server 2008 R2 uses SCSU to compress Unicode values (there meaning from strings in UCS-2 encoding) stored in nchar(n) and nvarchar(n) columns, achieving space savings between 15% and 50% (while UTF-8 only has this 50% reduction for ASCII subset of Unicode), depending on the language of the data. [12]
Quite a few languages make the encoding part of the string object, and thus store and support a large set of encodings including UTF-16. Most consider UTF-16 and UCS-2 to be different encodings. Examples are the PHP language [37] and MySQL. [38]
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
The syntax of the SQL programming language is defined and maintained by ISO/IEC SC 32 as part of ISO/IEC 9075.This standard is not freely available. Despite the existence of the standard, SQL code is not completely portable among different database systems without adjustments.
MySQL Workbench – official (yet 3rd-party developed) integrated environment for MySQL. It was developed by MySQL AB, and enables users to graphically administer MySQL databases and visually design database structures. Adminer – free MySQL front end capable of managing multiple databases, with many CSS skins available. It is a light-weight ...