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Calculation of torque [ edit ] For the simple geometry associated with the figure, there are three equivalent equations for the magnitude of the torque associated with a force F → {\displaystyle {\vec {F}}} directed at displacement r → {\displaystyle {\vec {r}}} from the axis whenever the force is perpendicular to the axis:
[18]: 14–15 The torque can vanish even when the force is non-zero, if the body is located at the reference point (=) or if the force and the displacement vector are directed along the same line. The angular momentum of a collection of point masses, and thus of an extended body, is found by adding the contributions from each of the points.
In mathematics and physics, the right-hand rule is a convention and a mnemonic, utilized to define the orientation of axes in three-dimensional space and to determine the direction of the cross product of two vectors, as well as to establish the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Mass Point - A mass point is a pair (,), also written as , including a mass, , and an ordinary point, on a plane. Coincidence - We say that two points m P {\displaystyle mP} and n Q {\displaystyle nQ} coincide if and only if m = n {\displaystyle m=n} and P = Q {\displaystyle P=Q} .
A vector is what is needed to "carry" the point A to the point B; the Latin word vector means "carrier". [4] It was first used by 18th century astronomers investigating planetary revolution around the Sun. [5] The magnitude of the vector is the distance between the two points, and the direction refers to the direction of displacement from A to B.
When a force acts on a particle, it is applied to a single point (the particle volume is negligible): this is a point force and the particle is its application point. But an external force on an extended body (object) can be applied to a number of its constituent particles, i.e. can be "spread" over some volume or surface of the body.
The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s −2.The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or g·cm·s −2. A newton is thus equal to ...
A force applied to a body has a point of application. The effect of the force is different for different points of application. For this reason a force is called a bound vector, which means that it is bound to its point of application. Forces applied at the same point can be added together to obtain the same effect on the body.