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The effect of anabolic steroids on the heart can cause myocardial infarction and strokes. [5] Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances such as gynecomastia and testicular size reduction may also be caused by AAS. [6] In women and children, AAS can cause irreversible masculinization. [6]
Although 17α-alkylated steroids have been known to cause liver cancer, when taken by mouth, [23] there is no published evidence that anabolic steroids cause either brain cancer or the specific type of T-cell lymphoma that caused Alzado's death. However, Alzado also stated that he felt addicted to steroids and that he had become increasingly ...
These compounds can cause endocrine ... (anabolic-androgenic steroids) ... Xenohormone-related issues in adults frequently take the form of increased cancer risk in ...
Anabolic steroid use. Anabolic steroids used to increase muscle mass and strength can disrupt the natural function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular hormonal axis.
Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [9] It is used to treat male hypogonadism, gender dysphoria, and certain types of breast cancer. [9] [10] It may also be used to increase athletic ability in the form of doping. [9]
[6] [7] For most medical applications, an AAS with potent anabolic and minimal androgenic and cardiovascular effects would be an advantage. In the 1930s, 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids were discovered. These have increased metabolic stability and are orally active, but are not tissue selective. [8]
Because steroid hormones are powerful drivers of gene expression in certain cancer cells, changing the levels or activity of certain hormones can cause certain cancers to cease growing, or even undergo cell death. Surgical removal of endocrine organs, such as orchiectomy and oophorectomy can also be employed as a form of hormonal therapy.
High doses of oral anabolic steroid compounds can cause liver damage as the steroids are metabolized (17α-alkylated) in the digestive system to increase their bioavailability and stability. [40] When high doses of such steroids are used for long periods, the liver damage may be severe and lead to liver cancer. [41] [42]