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  2. CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR

    CRISPR-Cas immunity is a natural process of bacteria and archaea. [104] CRISPR-Cas prevents bacteriophage infection, conjugation and natural transformation by degrading foreign nucleic acids that enter the cell. [39]

  3. CRISPR RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_RNA

    CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. [1] CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements , like viruses , plasmids , and transposons . [ 2 ]

  4. Trans-activating crRNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-activating_crRNA

    In molecular biology, trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) is a small trans-encoded RNA. It was first discovered by Emmanuelle Charpentier in her study of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes , a type of bacteria that causes harm to humanity. [ 1 ]

  5. Anti-CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-CRISPR

    Diagram showing type I-F CRISPR-Cas system, as well as inhibition mechanisms of three type I-F anti-CRISPRs. Type I-F CRISPR complex is made of 60 crRNA nucleotides and nine Cas proteins (the protein type is specified by the numbers 5,8,7,6). AcrF1 goes to Cas7f, preventing target DNA access to the crRNA guide.

  6. Cas9 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas9

    Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9, formerly called Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a 160 kilodalton protein which plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids, and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications.

  7. Protospacer adjacent motif - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protospacer_adjacent_motif

    Aside from CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cpf1, there are doubtless many yet undiscovered nucleases and PAMs. [17] CRISPR/Cas13a (formerly C2c2 [18]) from the bacterium Leptotrichia shahii is an RNA-guided CRISPR system that targets sequences in RNA rather than DNA. PAM is not relevant for an RNA-targeting CRISPR, although a guanine flanking the target ...

  8. CRISPR interference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_interference

    CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence-specific repression of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] It was first developed by Stanley Qi and colleagues in the laboratories of Wendell Lim , Adam Arkin, Jonathan Weissman , and Jennifer Doudna . [ 2 ]

  9. Cas12a - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a

    The CRISPR-Cas12a system consist of a Cas12a enzyme and a guide RNA that finds and positions the complex at the correct spot on the double helix to cleave target DNA. CRISPR-Cas12a systems activity has three stages: [3] Adaptation: Cas1 and Cas2 proteins facilitate the adaptation of small fragments of DNA into the CRISPR array.