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Extravasation is the leakage of intravenously (IV) infused, and potentially damaging, medications into the extravascular tissue around the site of infusion. The leakage can occur through brittle veins in the elderly, through previous venipuncture access, or through direct leakage from wrongly positioned venous access devices.
Induration (hardening of the skin) [6] Discoloration [6] Severe reactions may result in cutaneous necrosis at the injection site, typically presenting in one of two forms: (1) those associated with intravenous infusion or (2) those related to intramuscular injection.
Collapsed veins are a common injury that results from repeated use of intravenous injections. They can result from intravenous chemotherapy [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or when injection conditions are less than ideal, such as in the context of drug abuse .
Recovery is reached faster and with fewer side effects than oral iron. [10] Intravenous iron is proven to be very effective for pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia but not necessarily more effective than oral supplements for those with iron deficiency alone. [9] The type of iron supplement used depends on the patient's specific condition.
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. [1] It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. [ 2 ] Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever , hyperthyroidism , high blood calcium , or diabetes insipidus . [ 2 ]
In the lungs, the extra fluid accumulates into the air sacs within the lung, causing difficulties in oxygen getting into the blood. This results in low blood oxygen levels and shortness of breath. In the arms and legs, the fluid accumulates in the tissues, causing swelling. This is most prominent in the legs due to the effects of gravity.
Deep and superficial vein thrombosis may in turn be caused by thrombophilia, which is an increased propensity of forming blood clots. [citation needed] Arteriovenous fistula (an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein) may cause chronic venous insufficiency even with working vein valves. [citation needed]