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Betel nut chewing was formerly widespread in the indigenous ethnic groups of the Philippines. The country is where the areca palm (Areca catechu) is originally native to and where the tradition started before being spread via the Austronesian expansion (see history section).
19th century drawing of Areca catechu. Common names in English include areca palm, areca nut palm, betel palm, betel nut palm, Indian nut, Pinang palm and catechu. [1] This palm is commonly called the betel tree because its fruit, the areca nut, which are often chewed along with the betel leaf, a leaf from a vine of the family Piperaceae.
The areca nut (/ ˈ ær ɪ k ə / or / ə ˈ r iː k ə /) or betel nut is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). The palm is originally native to the Philippines, [1] [2] but was carried widely through the tropics by the Austronesian migrations and trade since at least 1500 BCE due to its use in betel nut chewing. [1]
Areca is a genus of 51 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from the islands of the Philippines, Malaysia and India, across Southeast Asia to Melanesia. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] The generic name Areca is derived from a name used locally on the Malabar Coast of India .
Areca nut, Calcium hydroxide and catechu were the historic ingredients, as referenced in texts from 9th century CE. Tobacco started to feature in the 20th century. [10] [11] The practice of chewing betel leaf is on the decline, and now quid consisting of tobacco, areca nut, and limewater, known as gutka, is more popular. [11]
English: Paan, the betel leaf and areca nut preparation for chewing, causes notable psychoactive effects. This preparation widely consumed throughout South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is chewed for its stimulant and psychoactive effects.
Betel nut refers to the seed of Areca catechu, or betel palm, which, like Cocos nucifera (coconut palm), belongs to family Arecaceae.It is an evergreen tree whose trunk can grow as tall as twenty meters.
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