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First lander to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. [7] PrOP-M: Rover Failure Lost with Mars 2: First rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed into the surface of Mars. 16 Mars 3: Mars 3 (4M No.172) 28 May 1971 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful
Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost) [286] [287] Phobos 2: 12 July 1988 Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost) [288] [289] Magellan: 4 May 1989 Venus orbiter [290] [291] Galileo: 18 October 1989 Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby , first Asteroid moon discovery , first Jupiter orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe
Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome 1 Voyager 2: Voyager 2: 20 August 1977 [2] Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T [8] NASA: Flyby Successful Discovered eleven moons. Flew past Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon. Closest approach at 17:59 UTC on 24 January 1986. Later flew past Neptune. [9]
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
captured and improved V-2 rocket 24 October 1946: First pictures of Earth from 105 km (65 mi). United States V-2 [4] [5] 20 February 1947 First animals in space (fruit flies). United States V-2 [4] [6] 24 February 1949: First two-stage liquid-fueled rocket, that sets a record altitude of 244 miles (393 km) (WAC Corporal missile mounted onto a V ...
Mars 1962A was a Mars flyby mission, launched on October 24, 1962, and Mars 1962B an intended first Mars lander mission, launched in late December of the same year (1962). Both failed from either breaking up as they were going into Earth orbit or having the upper stage explode in orbit during the burn to put the spacecraft into trans-Mars ...
Mars Global Surveyor, launched November 1996, completed; Discovery Program; Discovery 2 – Mars Pathfinder / Sojourner rover, launched July 1997, completed; Discovery 12 – InSight, launched May 2018, completed; Mars Polar Lander, launched January 1999, failed; Deep Space 2, launched January 1999, failed – (sub-surface probes) 2001 Mars ...
Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars. [ 1 ] Mariner 4, launched on November 28, 1964, was the first successful flyby of the planet Mars and gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range. [ 18 ]