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2. Torrent file - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrent_file

   pieces —a hash list, i.e., a concatenation of each piece's SHA-1 hash. As SHA-1 returns a 160-bit hash, pieces will be a string whose length is a multiple of 20 bytes. If the torrent contains multiple files, the pieces are formed by concatenating the files in the order they appear in the files dictionary (i.e., all pieces in the torrent are ...

3. SHA-1 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1

   Replacing SHA-1 is urgent where it is used for digital signatures. All major web browser vendors ceased acceptance of SHA-1 SSL certificates in 2017. [15] [9] [4] In February 2017, CWI Amsterdam and Google announced they had performed a collision attack against SHA-1, publishing two dissimilar PDF files which produced the same SHA-1 hash.

4. Secure Hash Algorithms - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithms

   SHA-1: A 160-bit hash function which resembles the earlier MD5 algorithm. This was designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) to be part of the Digital Signature Algorithm . Cryptographic weaknesses were discovered in SHA-1, and the standard was no longer approved for most cryptographic uses after 2010.

5. sha1sum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha1sum

   shasum is a Perl program to calculate any of SHA-1, 224, 256, 384, 512 hashes. [7] It is part of the ActivePerl distribution. sha3sum is a similarly named program that calculates SHA-3, HAKE, RawSHAKE, and Keccak functions. [8] The <hash>sum naming convention is also used by the BLAKE team with b2sum and b3sum, by the program tthsum, and many ...

6. BLAKE (hash function) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLAKE_(hash_function)

   BLAKE2 is a cryptographic hash function based on BLAKE, created by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn, and Christian Winnerlein. The design goal was to replace the widely used, but broken, MD5 and SHA-1 algorithms in applications requiring high performance in

7. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

   It was withdrawn by the NSA shortly after publication and was superseded by the revised version, published in 1995 in FIPS PUB 180-1 and commonly designated SHA-1. Collisions against the full SHA-1 algorithm can be produced using the shattered attack and the hash function should be considered broken. SHA-1 produces a hash digest of 160 bits (20 ...

8. Marc Stevens (cryptology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Stevens_(Cryptology)

   In February 2017, the first known successful SHA-1 collision attack in practice (termed "SHAttered") was recognized. Marc Stevens was first-credited in the subsequent paper [ 6 ] along with CWI Amsterdam colleague Pierre Karpman, and researchers Elie Bursztein, Ange Albertini, Yarik Markov, Alex Petit Bianco, Clement Baisse [ 7 ] from Google .

9. Simple file verification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_file_verification

   RekSFV - SFV, MD5, SHA1 utility (Multi-Language, Unicode, with batch mode for checking a huge amount of folders) RapidCRC Unicode- RapidCRC with Unicode support (v0.3.4 as of 05/27/2012 supports UTF-8 with or without BOM and UTF-16 LE) AmoK SFV Utility - CRC32 and MD5 Compatible; SFV Ninja - SFV, MD5, SHA-1/256/384/512 utility (Freeware for ...