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1976 – Discovery and isolation of E. coli-based DNA helicase [13] 1978 – Discovery of the first eukaryotic DNA helicases, isolated from the lily plant [14] 1982 – "T4 gene 41 protein" is the first reported bacteriophage DNA helicase [15] 1985 – First mammalian DNA helicases isolated from calf thymus [17]
Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase, also known as DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRN gene. WRN is a member of the RecQ Helicase family. [ 5 ] Helicase enzymes generally unwind and separate double-stranded DNA .
Helicase, POLQ-like, also known as Helicase Q (HELQ), HEL308 and Holliday junction migration protein, encoded by the gene HELQ1, is a DNA helicase found in humans, archea and many other organisms. [5] HelQ is a replication-linked repair helicase that preserves DNA integrity through helping in the repair of DNA that has become damaged. [6]
Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DICER1 gene. Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA , respectively.
Each mitochondrion contains a small amount of DNA which is known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The Twinkle protein is involved in the production of mtDNA by functioning as an adenine nucleotide dependent DNA helicase, an enzyme that binds to DNA and temporarily unwinds the double helix of the DNA molecule so that it can replicate. [9]
G-quadruplexes can inhibit normal cell function, and in healthy cells, are easily and readily unwound by helicase. However, in cancer cells that have mutated helicase these complexes cannot be unwound and leads to potential damage of the cell. This causes replication of damaged and cancerous cells.
DEAD box proteins are considered to be RNA helicases and many have been found to be required in cellular processes such as RNA metabolism, including nuclear transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, nucleocytoplasmic transport, translation, RNA decay and organellar gene expression. [10] [11] [12]
A normal and healthy cell has the capability to fix the DNA damages before the problems begin due to the damaged DNA. Cells use nucleotide excision repair to fix damaged DNA. As a part of the process, the double-stranded DNA that encircles the damage is separated by the TFIIH complex. The XPD protein acts as a helicase and helps with the ...