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Myocardial infarction; Other names: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart attack: A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, causing catastrophic thrombus formation, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream to the heart muscle.
The so-called "classical 3-point MACE" is defined as a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. [4] [5] Another study similarly defined MACE as a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute coronary syndrome, and death from vascular causes. [6]
Certain individuals such as women, diabetics, and the elderly may present with more varied symptoms. [8] If blood flow through the coronary arteries is stopped completely, cardiac muscle cells may die, known as a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. [9] Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of coronary ischemia. [7]
The smaller vessel diameter allows less blood to flow and facilitates progression to a myocardial infarction. Leading risk factors for coronary thrombosis are high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. [2] Symptoms of coronary thrombosis are not always evident at the start.
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a type of cardiomyopathy caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries which supply blood to the heart. [4] Typically, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy have a history of acute myocardial infarction, [5] however, it may occur in patients with coronary artery disease, but without a past history of acute myocardial infarction.
A myocardial infarction in the setting of a paradoxical embolism are caused by the emboli disrupting blood flow in a coronary artery. Physical findings that should be evaluated include a comprehensive neurological examination for evaluation of stroke symptoms such as weakness, gait changes, slurred speech, and facial droop. [10]
Diseases of arterial occlusion may progress into life-threatening conditions with improper prevention or management. Myocardial infarction, gangrene, and ischemic stroke are among the complications of severe arterial occlusion. ECG traces recorded in a healthy heart (top) and in myocardial infarction (bottom).
This is a list of cardiology mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialities, see this list of medical mnemonics . Aortic regurgitation: causes