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There exists a few papers that systematically compare various model checkers on a common case study. The comparison usually discusses the modelling tradeoffs faced when using the input languages of each model checker, as well as the comparison of performances of the tools when verifying correctness properties. One can mention:
PRISM is a probabilistic model checker, a formal verification software tool for the modelling and analysis of systems that exhibit probabilistic behaviour. [1] PRISM was introduced around 2002 in the context of Parker's PhD work and is still under active development (as of 2024).
In addition to model-checking, SPIN can also operate as a simulator, following one possible execution path through the system and presenting the resulting execution trace to the user. Unlike many model-checkers, SPIN does not actually perform model-checking itself, but instead generates C sources for a problem-specific model checker.
NuSMV first tries to read and execute commands from an initialization file if such file exists and is readable unless -s was passed on the command line. File master.nusmvrc is looked for in the directories defined in environment variable NUSMV_LIBRARY_PATH or in the default library path if no such variable is defined.
Prism: a probabilistic symbolic model checker; Roméo: an integrated tool environment for modelling, simulation, and verification of real-time systems modelled as parametric, time, and stopwatch Petri nets; SPIN: a general tool for verifying the correctness of distributed software models in a rigorous and mostly automated fashion; Storm: [22] A ...
PAT (Process Analysis Toolkit) is a self-contained framework [1] for composing, simulating and reasoning of concurrent, real-time systems and other possible domains. It includes user interfaces, model editor and animated simulator.
In the context of computer science, the C Bounded Model Checker (CBMC) is a bounded model checker for C programs. [1] It was the first such tool. [2] CBMC has participated in the Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP) in the years 2014–2022. [3] It came in first in at least one category in 2014, 2015, and 2017.
UPPAAL is an integrated tool environment for modeling, validation and verification of real-time systems modeled as networks of timed automata, extended with data types (bounded integers, arrays etc.).