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A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
Even though #14 and #16 screws are still available, they are not as common as sizes #0 through #12. [citation needed] Sometimes "special" diameter and pitch combinations (UNS) are used, for example a 0.619 in (15.7 mm) major diameter with 20 threads per inch. UNS threads are rarely used for bolts, but rather on nuts, tapped holes, and threaded ODs.
The major diameter is given by 6p 1.2, [4]: 12 rounded to two significant figures in mm and the hex head size (across the flats) is 1.75 times the major diameter. BA sizes are specified by the following British Standards: BS 57:1951 — B.A. screws, bolts and nuts
Confusion can arise because each Whitworth hexagon was originally one size larger than that of the corresponding BSF fastener. This leads to instances where for example, a spanner marked 7 ⁄ 16 BSF is the same size as one marked 3 ⁄ 8 W. In both cases the spanner jaw width of 0.710 in, the width across the hexagon flat, is the same.
A metric ISO screw thread is designated by the letter M followed by the value of the nominal diameter D (the maximum thread diameter) and the pitch P, both expressed in millimetres and separated by a dash or sometimes the multiplication sign, × (e.g. M8-1.25 or M8×1.25).
British Standard Fine (BSF) is a screw thread form, as a fine-pitch alternative to British Standard Whitworth (BSW) thread. It was used for steel bolts and nuts on and in much of Britain's machinery, including cars, prior to adoption of Unified, and later Metric, standards.
Clip-on nut: J-nut or U-nut, sheet metal nut, speed nut (ambiguously) Designed to be clipped to sheet metal Coupling nut: Extension nut A threaded fastener for joining two male threads, most commonly a threaded rod,[1][2] but also pipes Flange nut: Collar nut Has a wide flange at one end that acts as an integrated washer HARDLOCK Nut [3]
Square head cap screws up to and including 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm) have a head 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.175 mm) larger than the shank; screws larger than 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm) have a head 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.35 mm) larger than the shank. [9] In 1919, Dyke defined them as screws that are threaded all the way to the head. [10] socket screw