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John Birkinshaw (1777–1842) was a railway engineer from Bedlington, Northumberland noted for his invention of wrought iron rails in 1820 (patented on October 23, 1820). [1] Up to this point, rail systems had used either wooden rails, which were totally incapable of supporting steam engines, or cast iron rails typically only 3 feet in length.
Bedlington Ironworks, in Blyth Dene, Northumberland, England, operated between 1736 and 1867.It is most remembered as the place where wrought iron rails were invented by John Birkinshaw in 1820, which triggered the railway age, with their first major use being in the Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825, about 45 miles (72 km) to the south.
The central pair of gates and the adjacent screen railings are by Robert and John Davies of Croes Foel. In about 1880 further side gates and screens, and a pair of lodges were added, all of which were designed by Alfred Waterhouse. The gates and screens are in wrought iron, and are painted black and gold.
Designs for decorative railings from 1771. Passers-by look for the phantom railings in Malet Street. An iron railing is a fence made of iron. This may either be wrought iron, which is ductile and durable and may be hammered into elaborate shapes when hot, or the cheaper cast iron, which is of low ductility and quite brittle. Cast iron can also ...
Developments in manufacturing technologies has led to changes to the design, manufacture and installation of rails, sleepers and the means of attachments. Cast iron rails, 4 feet (1.2 m) long, began to be used in the 1790s and by 1820, 15-foot-long (4.6 m) wrought iron rails were in use.
These primitive rails were superseded in 1767, when ironmaster Richard Reynolds probably for the first time replaced wooden rails with cast iron rails [5] and in 1793 when the then superintendent of the Cromford Canal, Benjamin Outram, constructed a tramway with L-shaped flanged cast-iron plate rails from the quarry at Crich: it was a little ...
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