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An angle equal to 0° or not turned is called a zero angle. [10] An angle smaller than a right angle (less than 90°) is called an acute angle [11] ("acute" meaning "sharp"). An angle equal to 1 / 4 turn (90° or π / 2 radians) is called a right angle. Two lines that form a right angle are said to be normal, orthogonal, or ...
(If the inclination is either zero or 180 degrees (= π radians), the azimuth is arbitrary. If the radius is zero, both azimuth and inclination are arbitrary.) The elevation is the signed angle from the x-y reference plane to the radial line segment OP, where positive angles are designated as upward, towards the zenith reference.
For instance, the target orientation can be reached as follows (note the reversed order of Euler angle application): The XYZ system rotates about the z axis by γ. The X axis is now at angle γ with respect to the x axis. The XYZ system rotates again, but this time about the x axis by β. The Z axis is now at angle β with respect to the z axis.
When the angle of attack on an aerofoil is measured relative to the zero-lift axis it is true to say the lift coefficient is zero when the angle of attack is zero. [1] For this reason, on a cambered aerofoil the zero-lift line is better than the chord line when describing the angle of attack. [2]
The angle φ is defined to start at 0° from a reference direction, and to increase for rotations in either clockwise (cw) or counterclockwise (ccw) orientation.
The accuracy of the approximations can be seen below in Figure 1 and Figure 2. As the measure of the angle approaches zero, the difference between the approximation and the original function also approaches 0.
The equilibrium roll angle is known as wings level or zero bank angle. The most common aeronautical convention defines roll as acting about the longitudinal axis, positive with the starboard (right) wing down. Yaw is about the vertical body axis, positive with the nose to starboard.
The azimuth is the angle between the north vector and the star's vector on the horizontal plane. [2] Azimuth is usually measured in degrees (°), in the positive range 0° to 360° or in the signed range -180° to +180°.