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An oak apple on a tree in Worcestershire, England Oak apple or oak gall is the common name for a large, round, vaguely apple-like gall commonly found on many species of oak . Oak apples range in size from 2 to 4 centimetres (1 to 2 in) in diameter and are caused by chemicals injected by the larva of certain kinds of gall wasp in the family ...
Amphibolips quercuspomiformis, also known as the apple gall wasp or live oak apple gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. It induces galls in coast live oak and interior live oak trees. Like many gall wasps, it has two alternating generations which induce differing galls: an all-female parthenogenic generation, and a bisexual generation. The ...
The host trees are often immature or retarded specimens; galls are rarer on older, healthier trees. [3] The Turkey oak , introduced into Britain in 1735, is required for the completion of the wasp's life cycle. [4] The oak marble gall is frequently conflated with the oak apple gall, caused by another gall wasp, Biorhiza pallida. Oak marble ...
Diastrophus nebulosus on a raspberry gall. Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature (1–8 millimetres or 1⁄32 ...
An oak knopper gall. Pedunculate oak is a long-lived tree of high-canopy woodland, coppice and wood-pasture, and it is commonly planted in hedges. When compared to sessile oak, it is more abundant in the lowlands of the south and east in Britain, and it occurs on more neutral (less acid) soils.
Andricus quercuscalifornicus (occasionally Andricus californicus), or the California gall wasp, is a small wasp species that induces oak apple galls on white oaks, primarily the valley oak (Quercus lobata) but also other species such as Quercus berberidifolia. The California gall wasp is considered an ecosystem engineer, capable of manipulating ...
Andricus foecundatrix (formerly Andricus fecundator) is a parthenogenetic gall wasp which lays a single egg within a leaf bud, using its ovipositor, to produce a gall known as an oak artichoke gall, oak hop gall, larch-cone gall or hop strobile [1] [2] The gall develops as a chemically induced distortion of leaf axillary or terminal buds on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) or sessile oak ...
Atrusca brevipennata, formerly Andricus pellucidus, also known as the little oak-apple gall wasp, is a locally common species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in North America. [1] The wasp oviposits on shrub live oak and Gambel oak leaves. [1] The larval chamber is at the center of the gall, connected to the husk by slender ...
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