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The Doppler temperature is the minimum temperature achievable with Doppler cooling. When a photon is absorbed by an atom counter-propagating to the light source, its velocity is decreased by momentum conservation. When the absorbed photon is spontaneously emitted by the excited atom, the atom receives a momentum kick in a random direction.
Polarization gradient cooling (PG cooling) is a technique in laser cooling of atoms. It was proposed to explain the experimental observation of cooling below the doppler limit. [1] Shortly after the theory was introduced experiments were performed that verified the theoretical predictions. [2] While Doppler cooling allows atoms to be cooled to ...
In astronomy and plasma physics, the thermal Doppler broadening is one of the explanations for the broadening of spectral lines, and as such gives an indication for the temperature of observed material. Other causes of velocity distributions may exist, though, for example, due to turbulent motion. For a fully developed turbulence, the resulting ...
Sub-Doppler cooling is a class of laser cooling techniques that reduce the temperature of atoms and molecules below the Doppler cooling limit. In experiment implementation, Doppler cooling is limited by the broad natural linewidth of the lasers used in cooling. [ 1] Regardless of the transition used, however, Doppler cooling processes have an ...
Laser cooling. Simplified principle of Doppler laser cooling: 1. A stationary atom sees the laser neither red- nor blue-shifted and does not absorb the photon. 2. An atom moving away from the laser sees it red-shifted and does not absorb the photon. 31. An atom moving towards the laser sees it blue-shifted and absorbs the photon, slowing the atom.
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The equations for the use of the data retrieved from these tables are very simple. Q= heat gain, usually heat gain per unit time. A= surface area. U= Overall heat transfer coefficient. CLTD= cooling load temperature difference. SCL= solar cooling load factor. CLF= cooling load factor. SC= shading coefficient.
Gray molasses. Gray molasses is a method of sub-Doppler laser cooling of atoms. It employs principles from Sisyphus cooling in conjunction with a so-called "dark" state whose transition to the excited state is not addressed by the resonant lasers. Ultracold atomic physics experiments on atomic species with poorly-resolved hyperfine structure ...