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Genomoviridae is a family of single stranded DNA viruses that mainly infect fungi. [1] The genomes of this family are small (2.2–2.4 kilobases in length). The genomes are circular single-stranded DNA and encode rolling-circle replication initiation proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins.
Viruses that contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) share the same kind of genetic material as all organisms, and can therefore use the replication enzymes in the host cell nucleus to replicate the viral genome. Many RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytosol, and can directly access the host cell's ribosomes to manufacture viral proteins once ...
How viruses do this depends mainly on the type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA they contain, which is either one or the other but never both. Viruses cannot function or reproduce outside a cell, and are totally dependent on a host cell to survive. Most viruses are species specific, and related viruses typically only infect a narrow range of plants ...
How a virus enters a cell is different depending on the type of virus it is. A virus with a nonenveloped capsid enters the cell by attaching to the attachment factor located on a host cell. It then enters the cell by endocytosis or by making a hole in the membrane of the host cell and inserting its viral genome. [2]
The viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis posits that eukaryotes are composed of three ancestral elements: a viral component that became the modern nucleus; a prokaryotic cell (an archaeon according to the eocyte hypothesis) which donated the cytoplasm and cell membrane of modern cells; and another prokaryotic cell (here bacterium) that, by endocytosis, became the modern mitochondrion or chloroplast.
Viral nonstructural proteins are proteins coded for by the genome of the virus and are expressed in infected cells. [1] However, these proteins are not assembled in the virion. [ 1 ] During the replication of viruses, some viral nonstructural proteins carry out important functions that affect the replication process itself. [ 1 ]
The Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (VBRC) is an online resource providing access to a database of curated viral genomes and a variety of tools for bioinformatic genome analysis. [1] This resource was one of eight BRCs ( Bioinformatics Resource Centers ) funded by NIAID with the goal of promoting research against emerging and re-emerging ...
[1] [2] [3] Viruses in the human body may infect both human cells and other microbes such as bacteria (as with bacteriophages). [4] Some viruses cause disease, while others may be asymptomatic. Certain viruses are also integrated into the human genome as proviruses or endogenous viral elements. [1] Viruses evolve rapidly and hence the human ...