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English: Complete neuron cell diagram. Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information.
A variety of techniques have been used to study neuromorphology, including confocal microscopy, design-based stereology, neuron tracing [12] and neuron reconstruction. Current innovations and future research include virtual microscopy , automated stereology, cortical mapping , map guided automated neuron tracing , microwave techniques, and ...
Confocal microscope image of cerebellar Purkinje cells expressing tdTomato. These cells are some of the largest neurons in the human brain (Betz cells being the largest), [5] with an intricately elaborate dendritic arbor, characterized by a large number of dendritic spines. Purkinje cells are found within the Purkinje layer in the cerebellum.
Glial stem cells are found in all parts of the adult brain. [1] Glial cells greatly outnumber neurons and apart from their supporting role to neurons, glia – astrocytes in particular have been acknowledged as being able to communicate with neurons involving a signalling process similar to neurotransmission called gliotransmission. [4]
A reconstruction of a pyramidal cell. Soma and dendrites are labeled in red, axon arbor in blue. (1) Soma, (2) Basal dendrite, (3) Apical dendrite, (4) Axon, (5) Collateral axon. One of the main structural features of the pyramidal neuron is the conic shaped soma, or cell body, after which the neuron is named.
Grey matter, or gray matter in American English, is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.
Like all animal cells, the cell body of every neuron is enclosed by a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipid molecules with many types of protein structures embedded in it. [12] A lipid bilayer is a powerful electrical insulator, but in neurons, many of the protein structures embedded in the membrane are electrically active. These include ion ...
Digital reconstruction or tracing of neuron morphology is a fundamental task in computational neuroscience. [1] [2] [3] It is also critical for mapping neuronal circuits based on advanced microscope images, usually based on light microscopy (e.g. laser scanning microscopy, bright field imaging) or electron microscopy or other methods.