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The pH-dependence of the activity displayed by enzymes and the pH-dependence of protein stability, for example, are properties that are determined by the pK a values of amino acid side chains. The p K a values of an amino acid side chain in solution is typically inferred from the p K a values of model compounds (compounds that are similar to ...
Metformin has acid dissociation constant values (pK a) of 2.8 and 11.5, so it exists very largely as the hydrophilic cationic species at physiological pH values. The metformin pK a values make it a stronger base than most other basic medications with less than 0.01% nonionized in blood.
Metformin, or dimethylbiguanide, is the primary treatment used for type 2 diabetes. Metformin has been shown to indirectly affect pyruvate kinase through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Specifically, the addition of metformin is linked to a marked decrease in glucose flux and increase in lactate/pyruvate flux from various metabolic pathways.
The aim of most protein structure databases is to organize and annotate the protein structures, providing the biological community access to the experimental data in a useful way. Data included in protein structure databases often includes 3D coordinates as well as experimental information, such as unit cell dimensions and angles for x-ray ...
Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. Pleckstrin contains two PH domains. ARAP proteins contain five PH domains. Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, protein kinase D1, and the trypanosomal NrkA family.
The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation can be used to model these equilibria. It is important to maintain this pH of 7.4 to ensure enzymes are able to work optimally. [10] Life threatening Acidosis (a low blood pH resulting in nausea, headaches, and even coma, and convulsions) is due to a lack of functioning of enzymes at a low pH. [10]
2. Alleviates Hunger. Metformin improves how well your cells respond to insulin. This helps regulate your blood sugar levels and manage spikes in insulin that can trigger hunger and food cravings.
Several motifs pack together to form compact, local, semi-independent units called domains. [6] The overall 3D structure of the polypeptide chain is referred to as the protein's tertiary structure. Domains are the fundamental units of tertiary structure, each domain containing an individual hydrophobic core built from secondary structural units ...