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  2. Minkowski space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski_space

    Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime. In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/ m ɪ ŋ ˈ k ɔː f s k i,-ˈ k ɒ f-/ [1]) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation.

  3. Spacetime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

    In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events ...

  4. Special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity

    Rather than an invariant time interval between two events, there is an invariant spacetime interval. Combined with other laws of physics, the two postulates of special relativity predict the equivalence of mass and energy , as expressed in the mass–energy equivalence formula ⁠ E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} ⁠ , where c {\displaystyle ...

  5. Light cone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cone

    The purple (dashed) line shows the path of a photon emitted from the surface of a collapsing star. The green (dot-dash) line shows the path of another photon shining at the singularity. In flat spacetime, the future light cone of an event is the boundary of its causal future and its past light cone is the boundary of its causal past.

  6. Spacetime diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime_diagram

    A spacetime diagram is a graphical illustration of locations in space at various times, especially in the special theory of relativity.Spacetime diagrams can show the geometry underlying phenomena like time dilation and length contraction without mathematical equations.

  7. History of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_special_relativity

    In 1902, Henri Poincaré published a collection of essays titled Science and Hypothesis, which included: detailed philosophical discussions on the relativity of space, time, and on the conventionality of distant simultaneity; the conjecture that a violation of the relativity principle can never be detected; the possible non-existence of the ...

  8. World line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_line

    However, it arrives there at a different (later) time. The world line of the Earth is therefore helical in spacetime (a curve in a four-dimensional space) and does not return to the same point. Spacetime is the collection of events, together with a continuous and smooth coordinate system identifying the events. Each event can be labeled by four ...

  9. General relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity

    Slow motion computer simulation of the black hole binary system GW150914 as seen by a nearby observer, during 0.33 s of its final inspiral, merge, and ringdown.The star field behind the black holes is being heavily distorted and appears to rotate and move, due to extreme gravitational lensing, as spacetime itself is distorted and dragged around by the rotating black holes.