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The mean speed theorem, also known as the Merton rule of uniform acceleration, [1] was discovered in the 14th century by the Oxford Calculators of Merton College, and was proved by Nicole Oresme. It states that a uniformly accelerated body (starting from rest, i.e. zero initial velocity) travels the same distance as a body with uniform speed ...
Even if we pick units where =, the magnitude of the proper acceleration will depend on our choice of units: for example, if we use units of light-years for distance, (or ) and years for time, (or ), this would mean = light year/year 2, equal to about 9.5 meters/second 2, while if we use units of light-seconds for distance, (or ), and seconds ...
A similar fact also holds true for the velocity vs. time graph. The slope of a velocity vs. time graph is acceleration, this time, placing velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Again the slope of a line is change in over change in :
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
is the uniform rate of acceleration. In particular, the motion can be resolved into two orthogonal parts, one of constant velocity and the other according to the above equations. As Galileo showed, the net result is parabolic motion, which describes, e.g., the trajectory of a projectile in vacuum near the surface of Earth.
The linear motion can be of two types: uniform linear motion, with constant velocity (zero acceleration); and non-uniform linear motion, with variable velocity (non-zero acceleration). The motion of a particle (a point-like object) along a line can be described by its position , which varies with (time). An example of linear motion is an ...
Velocity and acceleration in non-uniform circular motion. In non-uniform circular motion, an object moves in a circular path with varying speed. Since the speed is changing, there is tangential acceleration in addition to normal acceleration. The net acceleration is directed towards the interior of the circle (but does not pass through its center).
When a body is in uniform circular motion, the force on it changes the direction of its motion but not its speed. For a body moving in a circle of radius r {\displaystyle r} at a constant speed v {\displaystyle v} , its acceleration has a magnitude a = v 2 r {\displaystyle a={\frac {v^{2}}{r}}} and is directed toward the center of the circle.