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A type held open by negative mass cosmic strings was put forth by Visser in collaboration with Cramer et al., [42] in which it was proposed that such wormholes could have been naturally created in the early universe. Wormholes connect two points in spacetime, which means that they would in principle allow travel in time, as well as
ER = EPR is a conjecture in physics stating that two entangled particles (a so-called Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen or EPR pair) are connected by a wormhole (or Einstein–Rosen bridge) [1] [2] and is thought by some to be a basis for unifying general relativity and quantum mechanics into a theory of everything.
The Ellis drainhole is the earliest-known complete mathematical model of a traversable wormhole.It is a static, spherically symmetric solution of the Einstein vacuum field equations augmented by inclusion of a scalar field minimally coupled to the geometry of space-time with coupling polarity opposite to the orthodox polarity (negative instead of positive):
This occurs when the two wormhole mouths, call them A and B, have been moved in such a way that it becomes possible for a particle or wave moving at the speed of light to enter mouth B at some time T 2 and exit through mouth A at an earlier time T 1, then travel back towards mouth B through ordinary space, and arrive at mouth B at the same time ...
The behavior of this space and the material which approaches it are not well understood, with a complete marriage of relativity and quantum physics yet to be achieved. In the final chapter, Thorne delves into even more speculative matters relating to black hole physics, including the existence and nature of wormholes and time machines. [1]
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In general relativity, a Roman ring (proposed by Matt Visser in 1997 [1] and named after the Roman arch, a concept proposed by Mike Morris and Kip Thorne in 1988 and named after physicist Tom Roman) [2] is a configuration of wormholes where no subset of wormholes is near to chronology violation, though the combined system can be arbitrarily close to chronology violation.
Paul Davies, How to build a time machine, 2002, Penguin popular science, ISBN 0-14-100534-3 gives a very brief non-mathematical description of Gott's alternative; the specific setup is not intended by Gott as the best-engineered approach to moving backwards in time, rather, it is a theoretical argument for a non-wormhole means of time travel.