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As a grandson of Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Valentinian was also a member of the Theodosian dynasty, to which his wife, Licinia Eudoxia, also belonged. A year before assuming the rank of augustus, Valentinian was given the imperial rank of caesar by his half-cousin and co-emperor Theodosius II (r. 402–450).
[1] [2] Theodosius dissolved the order of the Vestal Virgins in Rome, banned the pagan rituals of the Olympics in Ancient Greece and did nor punish nor prevent the destruction of antique Hellenistic temples, such as the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. With the death of Theodosius in 395, the Roman Empire was divided once more between his two sons.
On 26 March 429, Emperor Theodosius II announced to the Senate of Constantinople his intention to form a committee to codify all of the laws (leges, singular lex) from the reign of Constantine up to Theodosius II and Valentinian III. [5] The laws in the code span from 312 to 438, so by 438 the "volume of imperial law had become unmanageable". [6]
The Arch of Gratian, Valentinian and Theodosius (Latin: Arcus Gratiani, Valentiniani et Theodosii) was a triumphal arch built between 379 and 383 AD in Rome. It was situated at the south end of the Pons Aelius, near to the site later occupied by the church of San Celso. It formed as a monumental entrance arch to the bridge.
In 387, Maximus broke his truce with Valentinian II by crossing the Alps into the Po Valley, where he threatened Mediolanum. Justina, Valentinian and Galla fled to Thessaloniki, capital of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum and at the time chosen residence of Theodosius. Theodosius was a widower, his first wife Aelia Flaccilla having died ...
Theodosius greeted the imperial court of Valentinian at Salonica. [6] Faced with the choice of avoiding a civil war or supporting Valentinian, Theodosius chose Valentinian. [7] Theodosius took his time gathering Alans, Goths, Huns, and Armenians into his army. [8] He planned to attack Maximus in Italy, while marching with the main army into ...
Maximus was born in Gallaecia, Hispania, on the estates of Count Theodosius (the Elder) of the Theodosian dynasty, to whom he claimed to be related. [3] [4] [5] In their youth, Maximus and Theodosius I served together in Theodosius the Elder's army in Britannia. [6]
During the reigns of Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I anti-pagan policies and their penalties increased. By the end of the period of Antiquity and the institution of the Law Codes of Justinian, there was a shift from the generalized legislation which characterized the Theodosian Code to actions which targeted individual centers of paganism.