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Merton believed that it is multiple discoveries, rather than unique ones, that represent the common pattern in science. [4] Merton contrasted a "multiple" with a "singleton"—a discovery that has been made uniquely by a single scientist or group of scientists working together. [5] The distinction may blur as science becomes increasingly ...
Examples include testing a theoretical model through the use of formal science or solving a practical problem through the use of natural science. Technology – The making, usage, knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function is referred as ...
History of science and technology in the People's Republic of China; History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent. Science and technology in ancient India; History of science and technology in Korea; Science and Technology in the Ottoman Empire; Science and technology in the Soviet Union; History of science and technology in ...
This is a list of emerging technologies, which are in-development technical innovations that have significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must: Exist in some way; purely hypothetical technologies cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in the list of hypothetical technologies ...
The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, [2] [3] including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible ones such as software. Technology plays a critical role in science, engineering, and everyday life. Technological advancements have led to significant changes in society.
An example of the former was the gradual roll-out of DVD (digital video disc) as a development intended to follow on from the previous optical technology compact disc. By contrast, disruptive technologies are those where a new method replaces the previous technology and makes it redundant, for example, the replacement of horse-drawn carriages ...
To challenge the so-called "technological determinism", today's theories of technological change emphasize the scope of the need of technical choice, which they find to be greater than most laypeople can realize; as scientists in philosophy of science, and further science and technology often like to say about this "It could have been different."
Many hypothetical technologies have been the subject of science fiction. The criteria for this list are that the technology: Must not exist yet; Is credibly proposed to exist in the future (e.g. no perpetual motion machines) If the technology does not have an existing article (i.e. it is "redlinked"), a reference must be provided for it