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Early attempts at implementing water chlorination at a water treatment plant were made in 1893 in Hamburg, Germany. In 1897 the town of Maidstone, England was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine. [5]
In 2004 water tariffs averaged 1.81 euro per cubic meter including VAT, and sanitation tariffs averaged 2.14 euro per cubic meter. [29] According to NUS consulting water tariffs in Germany (without sanitation) were the highest of 16 mainly OECD countries at the equivalent of US$2.25 per cubic meter, about on par with tariffs in Denmark.
Early attempts at implementing water chlorination at a water treatment plant were made in 1893 in Hamburg, Germany, and in 1897 the town of Maidstone, in Kent, England, was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine. [128]
Water chlorination as a means of treatment began to be used in the late 19th century. Bleaching powder was the first material used for chlorination. Middelkerke, Belgium , would become the first city to chlorinate its water, in 1902, and Jersey City, New Jersey , became the first in city in the United States to do so, in 1909.
Arthur Thomas Palin (b. 16 October 1916 - 2006) was a British chemist and bacteriologist. [2] As well as inventing the DPD method of detecting chlorine in water [1] and working as an official advisor to the American Water Works Association (AWWA), Palin was responsible for what the Manual of British Water Engineering Practice records as one of the key historical developments, when breakpoint ...
A German military base near the western city of Cologne was temporarily closed on Wednesday as authorities investigated the possible sabotage of water supplies.
Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. [1] Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant. Chloramine disinfection is used in both small and large water treatment plants.
Salt water chlorination is a process that uses dissolved salt (1000–4000 ppm or 1–4 g/L) for the chlorination of swimming pools and hot tubs.The chlorine generator (also known as salt cell, salt generator, salt chlorinator, or SWG) uses electrolysis in the presence of dissolved salt to produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite, which are already ...