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Medium frequency (MF) is the ITU designation [1] [2] for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 300 kilohertz (kHz) to 3 megahertz (MHz). Part of this band is the medium wave (MW) AM broadcast band. The MF band is also known as the hectometer band as the wavelengths range from ten to one hectometers (1000 to 100 m).
The radio spectrum is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with frequencies from 3 Hz to 3,000 GHz (3 THz).Electromagnetic waves in this frequency range, called radio waves, are widely used in modern technology, particularly in telecommunication.
The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band. From low to high frequency these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are ...
Ground waves: At lower frequencies below 2 MHz, in the medium wave and longwave bands, due to diffraction vertically polarized radio waves can bend over hills and mountains, and propagate beyond the horizon, traveling as surface waves which follow the contour of the Earth. This makes it possible for mediumwave and longwave broadcasting stations ...
Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another in vacuum, or into various parts of the atmosphere. [1]: 26‑1 As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering. [2]
Low frequency (LF) is the ITU designation [1] [2] for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 30–300 kHz. Since its wavelengths range from 10–1 km , respectively, it is also known as the kilometre band or kilometre waves .
However radio waves of low enough frequencies, in the VLF (30 to 3 kHz) and ELF (below 3 kHz) bands are able to penetrate seawater. Navies operate large shore transmitting stations with power output in the megawatt range to transmit encrypted messages to their submarines in the world's oceans. Due to the small bandwidth, these systems cannot ...
low frequency (LF) Mostly used in Europe, North Africa, and Asia: AM radio (medium wave) 525–1606.5 kHz, 525–1705 kHz in N. America, Australia and the Philippines. amplitude modulation (AM) medium frequency (MF) Usually speech and news, where a lower bandwidth will suffice; long range at night due to the ionosphere increasing in altitude ...