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Prior to the 1991 economic liberalisation, India was a closed economy due to the average tariffs exceeding 200 percent and the extensive quantitative restrictions on imports. Foreign investment was strictly restricted to only allow Indian ownership of businesses.
The New Computer Policy of 1984 was instrumental, as it eased import restrictions on technology, encouraged private investments, and provided incentives for software exports. This policy led to rapid growth in India's hardware and software sectors.
The first category includes methods to directly import restrictions for protection of certain sectors of national industries: licensing and allocation of import quotas, antidumping and countervailing duties, import deposits, so-called voluntary export restraints, countervailing duties, the system of minimum import prices, etc.
Precipitated by the Gulf War, India's oil import bill swelled, exports slumped, credit dried up, and investors took their money out. [18] Large fiscal deficits combined with the fixed exchange rate had a spillover effect on the trade deficit culminating in an external payments crisis. By the end of the 1980s, India was in serious economic trouble.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has reached 2% of GDP, compared with 0.1% in 1990, and Indian investment in other countries rose sharply in 2006. [18]As the third-largest economy in the world in PPP terms, India is a preferred destination for FDI; [19] India has strengths in information technology and other significant areas such as auto components, chemicals, apparels ...
10] This is apex institution of government of India for capacity building in the field of Customs, Indirect Taxes, and Narcotics under the administrative control of Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC). The functions of NACIN is specified in CBIC office order No.06/Ad.IV/2017 on 12 June 2017 which states that NACIN will undertake ...
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The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), formerly the Central Board of Excise and Customs, is a statutory body under the Department of Revenue, Government of India. It oversees the administration of indirect taxes , including customs duties, excise duties, and the Goods and Services Tax (GST).