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Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes. [1] BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such as 0.08%, i.e. there is 0.8 ...
In jurisdictions in the U.S., maximum blood alcohol levels for legal driving are about 17 to 22 mM. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] In the upper range of recreational ethanol concentrations of 20 to 50 mM, depression of the central nervous system is more marked, with effects including complete drunkenness, profound sedation, amnesia, emesis, hypnosis, and ...
Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3–0.4%. [17] Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol levels reach 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. The oral median lethal dose (LD 50) of ethanol in rats is 5,628 mg/kg. Directly translated to human ...
Binge drinking is defined as the amount of alcohol it takes to raise a person’s blood-alcohol concentration level to 0.08, the legal definition of being intoxicated in most states.
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For other countries, it may be easiest to convert to UK units. For example, in the United States one standard drink contains 14 grams ≈ 1.75 units of alcohol, and so a US standard drink takes the body about an hour and three-quarters to process. Blood alcohol content can more accurately be estimated by using Widmark's formula. [43]
According to the then-surgeon general's report, a woman who has two drinks a day faces a nearly 22% chance of developing an alcohol-related cancer, compared with a 16.5% risk for a woman drinking ...
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...