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The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, [1] [note 4] comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. [5] With a size of 21,960,000 km 2 (8,480,000 sq mi), it is the second-smallest of the five principal oceanic divisions, smaller than the Pacific ...
Since the trench extends south of the 60th parallel south, it also contains the deepest point in the Southern Ocean. The deepest point in the entire trench is the Meteor Deep, whose location prior to February 2019 was identified as 55°25.12′S 26°24.28′W / 55.41867°S 26.40467°W / -55.41867; -26.40467 ( Meteor Deep ) at a ...
The Antarctic or Southern Ocean, which reaches from 60° south to Antarctica had been omitted until 2000, but is now also recognized by the International Hydrographic Office. [3] Nevertheless, and since ocean basins are interconnected, many oceanographers prefer to refer to one single ocean basin instead of multiple ones.
Southern Hemisphere climates tend to be slightly milder than those at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, except in the Antarctic which is colder than the Arctic. This is because the Southern Hemisphere has significantly more ocean and much less land; water heats up and cools down more slowly than land. [3]
Set in the Southern Ocean, this episode highlights the survival strategies of emperor penguins and the feeding habits of leopard seals. It examines the adaptations of marine organisms to extreme cold and the role of sea ice in the global climate system.
The most abundant concentrations of salps are in the Southern Ocean [4] (near Antarctica), where they sometimes form enormous swarms, often in deep water, and are sometimes even more abundant than krill. [5] Since 1910, while krill populations in the Southern Ocean have declined, salp populations appear to be increasing.
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A whale sanctuary in the Southern Ocean was created in 1994 by the International Whaling Commission (IWC). This prohibited whaling in the Southern Ocean. Forty-two southern bottlenose whales were caught in the Antarctic by Soviet whalers between 1970 and 1982.