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The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), [2] are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons .
Bulbs are a combination of stem and leaves so may better be considered as leaves because the leaves make up the greater part. Caespitose: When stems grow in a tangled mass or clump or in low growing mats. Cladode (including phylloclade): A flattened stem that appears leaf-like and is specialized for photosynthesis, [4] e.g. cactus pads.
A few species are shrubs or small trees, such as some Acanthophyllum species. [6] Most plants are non-succulent; i.e. having no fleshy stems or leaves. The nodes on the stem are swollen. The leaves are almost always opposite, [7] rarely whorled. The blades are entire, petiolate, and often stipulate. These stipules are not sheath-forming.
The term means "true dicotyledons", as it contains the majority of plants that have been considered dicots and have characteristics of the dicots. One of the genetic traits which defines the eudicots is the duplication of DELLA protein-encoding genes in their most recent common ancestor . [ 4 ]
Cauliflora – with the flowers and fruit on the stem, or trunk, as in Saraca cauliflora. Cladode – a flattened stem that performs the function of a leaf; an example is the pad of the opuntia cactus. Cladophyll – a flattened stem that is leaf-like and green – used for photosynthesis. Normally such plants have no, or greatly reduced, leaves.
Examples of trees with whorled phyllotaxis are Brabejum stellatifolium [4] and the related genus Macadamia. [5] A whorl can occur as a basal structure where all the leaves are attached at the base of the shoot and the internodes are small or nonexistent. A basal whorl with a large number of leaves spread out in a circle is called a rosette.
Cotyledon from a Judas-tree (Cercis siliquastrum, a dicot) seedling Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting. The visible part of the monocot plant (left) is actually the first true leaf produced from the meristem; the cotyledon itself remains within the seed Schematic of epigeal vs hypogeal germination Peanut seeds split in half, showing the embryos with cotyledons and primordial root Two ...
The vascular cambium is the main growth tissue in the stems and roots of many plants, specifically in dicots such as buttercups and oak trees, gymnosperms such as pine trees, as well as in certain other vascular plants. It produces secondary xylem inwards, towards the pith, and secondary phloem outwards, towards the bark.