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The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
Vostok 1 – First crewed Earth orbiter Mariner 2 – First successful Venus flyby Mariner 4 – First successful Mars flyby Luna 9 – First successful lunar lander Zond 5 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon Apollo 8 – First crewed lunar orbiter Apollo 11 – First crewed lunar landing
The Mars 1M programs (sometimes dubbed Marsnik in Western media) was the first Soviet uncrewed spacecraft interplanetary exploration program, which consisted of two flyby probes launched towards Mars in October 1960, Mars 1960A and Mars 1960B (also known as Korabl 4 and Korabl 5 respectively). After launch, the third stage pumps on both ...
First Mars flyby (11,000 km) but contact was lost. USSR Mars 1: 14 December 1962: First planetary flyby with data returned . First successful planetary science mission. USA (NASA) Mariner 2 [17] 16 June 1963: First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova). USSR Vostok 6: 19 July 1963: First reusable crewed spacecraft (suborbital). USA (NASA) X-15 ...
Since landing on Mars on August 5, 2012, the Curiosity rover has ascended 2,600 feet (800 meters) up the base of Mount Sharp from the floor of Gale Crater. The mountain is a central peak of the ...
2005 – The Mars Exploration Rovers perform the first astronomical observations ever taken from the surface of another planet, imaging an eclipse by Mars's moon Phobos. [232] Annular eclipse of the Sun by Phobos as viewed by the Mars Curiosity rover (20 August 2013). 2005 – Hayabusa spacecraft lands on asteroid Itokawa and collect samples ...
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.The surface of Mars is orange-red because it is covered in iron(III) oxide dust, giving it the nickname "the Red Planet". [22] [23] Mars is among the brightest objects in Earth's sky, and its high-contrast albedo features have made it a common subject for telescope viewing.
And we're about to witness Mars reaching opposition in 2025. Even though we can’t hop into a rocket and fly into the galaxy, luckily there are moments when the planets seem to reach out to us ...