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The history of the city may be divided into four periods: the Old Prussian settlement known as Twangste before 1255; the Polish city of Królewiec from 1454 to 1455 and then fief of Poland from 1456 to 1657; the German city of Königsberg from 1657 to 1945; and the Russian city of Kaliningrad from 1945 to present.
Kaliningrad is the only Russian Baltic Sea port that is ice-free all year and hence plays an important role in the maintenance of the country's Baltic Fleet. The oblast is mainly flat, as the highest point is the 230 m (750 ft) Gora Dozor hill near the tripoint of the Poland–Russia border / Lithuania–Russia border.
The Poland–Russia border is 232 km long between Poland and Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, which is an exclave, unconnected to the rest of Russia due to the Lithuania–Russia border. [12] For most of this length, the Polish side is in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship ; the extreme east is in the Podlaskie Voivodeship , and the westernmost ...
v. t. e. 1255 – Fortress built by Teutonic Knights during Prussian Crusade, on the basis of a Prussian settlement Twangste. 1256 – Settlement formed north of the fortress. 1262 – Prussians begin to besiege castle during the Great Prussian Uprising. 1264 – Settlement developed south of the castle. 1286 – Königsberg chartered.
Regional road 27A-028 (ex A 196) coming from Kaliningrad and regional road 27A-042 (ex A 197) coming from Bolshakovo via Chernyakhovsk meet in Krylovo and end at the border with Poland. Before 1945, Nordenburg was a railway station on the Königsberg ( Kaliningrad )–Löwenhagen (Komsomolsk)–Gerdauen (Zheleznodorozhny)–Angerburg ...
The Kaliningrad question[a] is a political question concerning the status of Kaliningrad Oblast as an exclave of Russia, [1] and its isolation from the rest of the Baltic region following the 2004 enlargement of the European Union. [1]
Königsberg (German: [ˈkøːnɪçsbɛʁk] ⓘ, lit. 'King's mountain', Polish: Królewiec, Lithuanian: Karaliaučius, Baltic Prussian: Kunnegsgarbs, ‹See Tfd› Russian: Кёнигсберг, romanized: Kyonigsberg) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on ...
Poland–Russia relations (Polish: Stosunki polsko-rosyjskie, Russian: Российско-польские отношения) have a long and often turbulent history, dating to the late Middle Ages. Over centuries, there have been several Polish–Russian Wars, with Poland once occupying Moscow and later Russia controlling much of Poland in ...