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The star is the point of interest, the reference plane is the local area (e.g. a circular area with a 5 km radius at sea level) around an observer on Earth's surface, and the reference vector points to true north. The azimuth is the angle between the north vector and the star's vector on the horizontal plane. [2]
Bearing (navigation) A standard Brunton compass, used commonly by geologists and surveyors to obtain a bearing in the field. In navigation, bearing or azimuth is the horizontal angle between the direction of an object and north or another object. The angle value can be specified in various angular units, such as degrees, mils, or grad.
It is denoted by a single prime ( ′ ). For example, 3° 30′ is equal to 3 × 60 + 30 = 210 minutes or 3 + 30 / 60 = 3.5 degrees. A mixed format with decimal fractions is sometimes used, e.g., 3° 5.72′ = 3 + 5.72 / 60 degrees. A nautical mile was historically defined as an arcminute along a great circle of the Earth.
A goniometer is an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. The term goniometry derives from two Greek words, γωνία ( gōnía) ' angle ' and μέτρον ( métron) ' measure '. [ 1] The protractor is a commonly used type in the fields of mechanics, engineering, and geometry.
In trigonometry, the gradian – also known as the gon (from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía) 'angle'), grad, or grade[ 1] – is a unit of measurement of an angle, defined as one-hundredth of the right angle; in other words, 100 gradians is equal to 90 degrees. [ 2][ 3][ 4] It is equivalent to 1 400 of a turn, [ 5] 9 10 of a ...
In machining, the rake angle is a parameter used in various cutting processes, describing the angle of the cutting face relative to the workpiece. There are three types of rake angles: positive, zero or neutral, and negative . Positive rake: A tool has a positive rake when the face of the cutting tool slopes away from the cutting edge at inner ...
The solar zenith angle is the zenith angle of the sun, i.e., the angle between the sun’s rays and the vertical direction. It is the complement to the solar altitude or solar elevation, which is the altitude angle or elevation angle between the sun’s rays and a horizontal plane. [ 1][ 2] At solar noon, the zenith angle is at a minimum and is ...
Golden angle. The golden angle is the angle subtended by the smaller (red) arc when two arcs that make up a circle are in the golden ratio. In geometry, the golden angle is the smaller of the two angles created by sectioning the circumference of a circle according to the golden ratio; that is, into two arcs such that the ratio of the length of ...