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Electroplating. Copper electroplating machine for layering PCBs. Electroplating, also known as electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition, is a process for producing a metal coating on a solid substrate through the reduction of cations of that metal by means of a direct electric current. The part to be coated acts as the cathode (negative ...
A copper film (the electrotype) grows onto the electrically conducting coating of the mold. Electrotyping (also galvanoplasty) is a chemical method for forming metal parts that exactly reproduce a model. The method was invented by Moritz von Jacobi in Russia in 1838, and was immediately adopted for applications in printing and several other ...
Photogravure. Photogravure (in French héliogravure) is a process for printing photographs, also sometimes used for reproductive intaglio printmaking. It is a photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained (adding a pattern to the plate) and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive ...
Intaglio (/ ɪnˈtæli.oʊ, - ˈtɑːli -/ in-TAL-ee-oh, -TAH-lee-; [1] Italian: [inˈtaʎʎo]) is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink. [2] It is the direct opposite of a relief print where the parts of the matrix that make the image ...
v. t. e. Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing evolved from ink rubbings made on paper or cloth from texts on ...
The wiping leaves ink in the incisions. You may also use a folded piece of organza silk to do the final wipe. If copper or zinc plates are used, then the plate surface is left very clean and therefore white in the print. If steel plate is used, then the plate's natural tooth gives the print a grey background similar to the effects of aquatinting.
Other terms often used for printed engravings are copper engraving, copper-plate engraving or line engraving. Steel engraving is the same technique, on steel or steel-faced plates, and was mostly used for banknotes, illustrations for books, magazines and reproductive prints, letterheads and similar uses from about 1790 to the early 20th century, when the technique became less popular, except ...
Copper(II) ions migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode. At the cathode (reduction reaction), Cu 2+ ions are reduced in copper metal and Cu (s) plates out, but less noble constituents such as arsenic and zinc remain in solution unless a higher voltage is used. [52] The reactions involving metallic copper and Cu 2+ ions at the electrodes ...