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In the fields of nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, modulational instability or sideband instability is a phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic waveform are reinforced by nonlinearity, leading to the generation of spectral-sidebands and the eventual breakup of the waveform into a train of pulses.
Kerr-induced self-focusing was first predicted in the 1960s [4] [5] [6] and experimentally verified by studying the interaction of ruby lasers with glasses and liquids. [7] [8] Its origin lies in the optical Kerr effect, a non-linear process which arises in media exposed to intense electromagnetic radiation, and which produces a variation of the refractive index as described by the formula ...
Wavelengths that are separated by λ/4 are opposites, falling across from each other on the color wheel. (ie: Red is opposite of green, orange is opposite of blue, and yellow is opposite of violet.) Image was generated using Tikz and the resulting PDF was converted to SVG.
Self-phase modulation is an important effect in optical systems that use short, intense pulses of light, such as lasers and optical fiber communications systems. [ 2 ] Self-phase modulation has also been reported for nonlinear sound waves propagating in biological thin films, where the phase modulation results from varying elastic properties of ...
A diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum, showing various properties across the range of frequencies and wavelengths. The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength. The spectrum is divided into separate bands, with different names for the electromagnetic waves within each band.
The two waves interfere, giving a straight-line fringe pattern whose intensity varies sinusoidally across the medium. The spacing of the fringe pattern is determined by the angle between the two waves, and by the wavelength of the light. The recorded light pattern is a diffraction grating, which is a structure with a repeating pattern. A simple ...
Transverse waves that exhibit polarization include electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves, gravitational waves, [6] and transverse sound waves (shear waves) in solids. An electromagnetic wave such as light consists of a coupled oscillating electric field and magnetic field which are always perpendicular to each other. Different ...
Fermat's principle is most familiar, however, in the case of visible light: it is the link between geometrical optics, which describes certain optical phenomena in terms of rays, and the wave theory of light, which explains the same phenomena on the hypothesis that light consists of waves.