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The contact process is a method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes. Platinum was originally used as the catalyst for this reaction; however, because it is susceptible to reacting with arsenic impurities in the sulfur feedstock, vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5) has since been preferred.
Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H 2 SO 4. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is miscible with water. [7] Structure ...
The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, is deprotonation.) Some examples include The protonation of water by sulfuric acid: H 2 SO 4 + H 2 O ⇌ H 3 O + + HSO − 4; The protonation of isobutene in the formation of a carbocation: (CH 3) 2 C=CH 2 + HBF 4 ⇌ (CH 3) 3 C + + BF − 4
However, SO 3 added to concentrated sulfuric acid readily dissolves, forming oleum which can then be diluted with water to produce additional concentrated sulfuric acid. [4] Typically, above concentrations of 98.3%, sulfuric acid will undergo a spontaneous decomposition into sulfur trioxide and water H 2 SO 4 ⇌ SO 3 + H 2 O
The lead chamber process was an industrial method used to produce sulfuric acid in large quantities. It has been largely supplanted by the contact process.. In 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger and less expensive and could be made much larger than the glass containers that had been used previously.
Sulfuric(IV) acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric(IV) acid), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous) acid and thionic acid, [citation needed] is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 SO 3. Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO 2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO − 3 . [ 2 ]
In the first step, sodium chloride is treated with sulfuric acid in the Mannheim process. This reaction produces sodium sulfate (called the salt cake) and hydrogen chloride: 2 NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → Na 2 SO 4 + 2 HCl. This chemical reaction had been discovered in 1772 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
The Bunsen reaction is a chemical reaction that describes water, sulfur dioxide, and iodine reacting to form sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide: 2H 2 O + SO 2 + I 2 → H 2 SO 4 + 2HI This reaction is the first step in the sulfur-iodine cycle to produce hydrogen .