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By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature, generally dated from the last centuries of the pre-Christian era to the early centuries of the Christian era. [2] [3] [4] It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets.
Burial of Adichanallur, Tamil Nadu [2] [3] [4] skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns that contained Tamil inscriptions. c. 1000 BCE; Keeladi excavation site in Tamil Nadu found with Tamil inscriptions in various structures and artifacts, on pottery with Tamil names such as Aathan, Uthiran, Kuviran-Aathan and Thisan. [5] [6]
Tamilakam (Tamil: தமிழகம், romanized: Tamiḻakam) was the geographical region inhabited by the ancient Tamil people, covering the southernmost region of the Indian subcontinent. Tamilakam covered today's Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, Lakshadweep and southern parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. [1]
A 2nd-century BCE Tamil Brahmi inscription from Arittapatti, Madurai India. The southern state of Tamil Nadu has emerged as a major source of Brahmi inscriptions in Old Tamil dated between 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. [1] [2] [3] Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning from the 3rd century BCE to the seventh century CE.
The east coast of Tamil Nadu was one of the areas affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, during which almost 8000 people died in the disaster. [112] The sixth most populous state in the Indian Union, Tamil Nadu was the seventh-largest economy in 2005 among the states of India. [113]
Mangulam Tamil Brahmi inscription in Mangulam, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, dated to Tamil Sangam period (c. 400 BCE – c. 200 CE) Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The earliest records in Old Tamil are short inscriptions from 300 BCE to 700 CE.
The ancient Tamil country had its own system of music called Tamil Pannisai. [114] Sangam literature such as the Silappatikaram from 2nd century CE describes music notes and instruments. [115] [116] A Pallava inscription dated to the 7th century CE has one of the earliest surviving examples of Indian music in notation.
Agathiyar (), Chairman of first Tamil Sangam, at Madurai in the Pandiya kingdom.Statue of Agastya in the Tamil Thai (Mother Tamil) temple in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The Tamil Sangams (Tamil: சங்கம் caṅkam, Old Tamil 𑀘𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆, from Sanskrit saṅgha) were three legendary gatherings of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to traditional Tamil accounts ...