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The most common abnormality the test can screen is trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).In addition to Down syndrome, the triple and quadruple screens assess risk for fetal trisomy 18 also known as Edwards syndrome, open neural tube defects, and may also detect an increased risk of Turner syndrome, triploidy, trisomy 16 mosaicism, fetal death, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, and steroid sulfatase ...
Second-trimester maternal serum screening (AFP screening, triple screen, quad screen, or penta screen) can check levels of alpha fetoprotein, β-hCG, inhibin-A, estriol, and h-hCG (hyperglycosolated hCG) in the woman's serum. The triple test measures serum levels of AFP, estriol, and beta-hCG, with a 70% sensitivity and 5% false-positive rate.
4.1 [73] Smokers: 5 [74] Prostate specific antigen (PSA) 40–49 years: 1.2–2.9 [75] μg/L [5] [15] or ng/mL [23] More detailed cutoffs in PSA – Serum levels: 70–79 years, non-African-American: 4.0–9.0 [75] 70–79 years, African-American: 7.7–13 [75] PAP: 3 [23] units/dL (Bodansky units) Calcitonin: 5, [76] 15 [76] ng/L or pg/mL ...
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein [5] [6] that in humans is encoded by the AFP gene. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). [ 9 ]
3.1-5.2 × 10 −4: Ornithine: 4-14 × 10 −6: Oxalate: 1-2.4 × 10 −6: Oxygen (respiratory gas) arterial 2.4-3.2 × 10 −4: 3.9 × 10 −6: venous 1.6-2.3 × 10 −4: 1.6 × 10 −6: Oxytocin: male 2 × 10 −12: female, nonlactating 2 × 10 −12: female, pregnant 33-40 wks 32-48 × 10 −12: Pancreatic polypeptide: 5-20 × 10 −11 ...
Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.
The proportion of AST to ALT in hepatocytes is about 2.5:1, but because AST is removed from serum by the liver sinusoidal cells twice as quickly (serum half-life t 1/2 = 18 hr) compared to ALT (t 1/2 = 36 hr), so the resulting serum levels of AST and ALT are about equal in healthy individuals, resulting in a normal AST/ALT ratio around 1.
Titres are sometimes expressed by the denominator only, for example 1:256 is written 256. [3] The term also has two other, conflicting meanings. In titration, the titer is the ratio of actual to nominal concentration of a titrant, e.g. a titer of 0.5 would require 1/0.5 = 2 times more titrant than nominal. This is to compensate for possible ...