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For example, patients with a poor understanding of good health may not know when it is necessary to seek care for certain symptoms. While problems with health literacy are not limited to minority groups, the problem can be more pronounced in these groups than in whites due to socioeconomic and educational factors. [146]
Three major mechanisms are suggested by the Institute of Medicine that may contribute to healthcare disparities from the provider's side: bias (or prejudice) against racial and ethnic minorities; greater clinical uncertainty when interacting with minority patients; and beliefs held by the provider about the behavior or health of minorities. [126]
Since the 1980s, the number of minority councillors has been increasing over time, however, the main parties of minorities involved were the Labour party, with 94.4% of minority councillors affiliated with the Labour Party. [39] There were 35 minority councillors in London local councils in 1978 and this had increased to 193 by 1990. [39]
Cultural competence is a practice of values and attitudes that aims to optimize the healthcare experience of patients with cross cultural backgrounds. [6] Essential elements that enable organizations to become culturally competent include valuing diversity, having the capacity for cultural self-assessment, being conscious of the dynamics inherent when cultures interact, having ...
This data is used to highlight issues amenable to policy-making, to support policy decision making, and to monitor and evaluate health policies [6, 7]. For some statistics such as height, weight, overweight and obesity, smoking, general health, longstanding illness and acute sickness data from the 1990s onwards are published in trend tables.
[56] [57] [58] In the scope of ‘physical health’, studies have found that discrimination in health care delivery affects standard of care for ethnic minority communities: for example, African Americans and Latinos are less likely than their white counterparts to receive sufficient pain medication for long bone fracture or kidney stones. [59]
One causal explanation for minority health disparities is the social selection hypothesis, which holds that there is something inherent to being in a minority group (e.g., genetics) that makes individuals susceptible to health problems. [16] [17] In general, this view has not been supported by empirical research. Instead, research suggests that ...
For their own good : the transformation of English working-class health culture, 1880-1970 (2008) online; Berridge, Virginia. Health and Society in Britain since 1939 (1999) Brand. Jeanne L. Doctors and the state: the British medical profession and government action in public health, 1870-1912 (Johns Hopkins UP, 1965). Carpenter, Mary Wilson.